Summary of Martindale Testing Method for Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics
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The Martindale method is one of the flat abrasion methods which icluding pilling and abrasion methods, and is widely used for testing the abrasion resistance of clothing and household textiles, decorative fabrics and furniture. Let’s have a specific analysis with Smartindale Martindale Abrasion and Pilling Tester.
5 aspects of fabric wear damage
In actual use, due to the different conditions of wear (e.g. force, size, abrasives, etc.), the structure of yarns and fabrics and the nature of the fibers are different, thus the mechanism of wear damage is different, with the following aspects of damage.
1 During friction the fibres constantly collide with each other and fibre fragments break due to fatigue damage, resulting in the breakage of the yarn.
2 The fibers are pulled out of the fabric, causing a loosening of the yarn/fabric structure. After repeated action the fibres may be pulled out, leading to thinning of the yarn and fabric, and even disintegration.
3 Fibers are cut and broken, leading to breakage of the yarn.
4 The fibre surface is worn and fragments are lost from the fibre surface.
5 Friction generates high temperatures, causing melt or plastic deformation of the fibers. Affects the structural and mechanical properties of the fibers.
Three aspects of the Martindale method for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics
The Martindale method is applied to the abrasion resistance of knitted fabrics, woolen fabrics, artificial leather, synthetic leather, etc. under a certain pressure. It is applied in the form of flat abrasion and is generally analysed and evaluated in three aspects: determination of the specimen breakdown, determination of the loss of mass and assessment of the appearance change.
Determination of specimen breakdown
Under a certain load, the specimen is rubbed against the abrasive in the plane of the Lissajous curve, and the total number of rubs is counted to determine the abrasion resistance of the fabric when the specimen breaks.
Determination of mass loss
Under a certain load, the specimen in the fixture is rubbed against the abrasive in a Lissajous curved plane, when the specimen has been rubbed a specific number of times, the abrasion resistance is determined by the mass difference before and after rubbing.
Assessment of appearance change
A circular specimen is subjected to a defined load and rubbed against an abrasive medium (standard fabric) in a translational movement tracing a Lissajous figure. The evaluation of the abrasion resistance of the textile fabric is determined from assessment of the appearance change.
Conclusion
Among the three methods, the test specimen breakage method is commonly used. The method has a small error, the test results are intuitive and clear, and the abrasion resistance of different fabrics is easy to compare, so it is commonly used in clothing products and decorative fabrics. The method of determining mass loss and the method of change in appearance are more complex, but they can reflect the abrasion resistance of the specimens at different stages of friction and have a strong practicality in the analysis of the use of fabrics by manufacturers or scientific institutions.
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